Material of Flange and Pipe Fitting

Pipe flange is a method of connecting pipes, valves, pumps and other equipment to form a piping system. It also provides easy access for cleaning, inspection or modification.

Dimensions from carbon steel and stainless steel flanges are defined in the ASME B16.5 standard. The material qualities for these flanges are defined in the ASTM standards.
These ASTM standards, define the specific manufacturing process of the material and determine the exact chemical composition of pipes, fittings and flanges, through percentages of the permitted quantities of carbon, magnesium, nickel, etc., and are indicated by "Grade".
For example, a carbon steel flange can be identified with Grade F9 or F11, a stainless-steel flange with Grade F316 or Grade F321 etc..
Below you will find as an example a table with chemical requirements for fittings ASTM A403 Grade WP304, WP304L, WP316L and a table with frequent Grades, arranged on pipe and pipe-components, which belong together as a group. As you may be have noted, in the table below, ASTM A105 has no Grade. Sometimes ASTM A105N is described;
"N" stands not for Grade, but for normalized. Normalizing is a type of heat treatment, applicable to ferrous metals only. The purpose of normalizing is to remove the internal stresses induced by heat treating, casting, forming etc. 

We also provide other similar material grade, such as the JIS Standard, DIN Standard, GB Standard, for detailed information, please feel free contact with us by E-mail.

General Classification "ASTM" Symbols Service
Casting Forgings Temp
High-Temperature
Cast Iron A126-Class B 250° C
Cast Iron A126-Class C 250° C
Carbon Steel A216-WCA 420° C
Carbon Steel A216-WCB A105 420° C
1/2Mo Steel A217-WC1 A182-F1 500° C
1¼Cr-1/2Mo A217-WC6 A182-F11 550° C
2¼Cr-1Mo A217-WC9 A182-F22 600° C
5Cr1/2Mo A217-C5 A182-F5a 600° C
9Cr-1Mo A217-C12 A182-F9 650° C
Low-Temperature
Al Stel A352-LCB,LCC A350-LF2 -46° C
1/2 Mo Steel A352-LC1 -60° C
2½ Ni Steel A352-LC2 -73° C
3½ Ni Steel A352-LC3 A350-LF3 -101° C
Stainless Steel
13Cr-1/2Mo A217-CA15 A182-F6a 550° C
18Cr-8Ni(Co.03) A351-CF3 A182-F304L F304L 800° C
18Cr-8Ni(Co.08) A351-CF8 A182-F304 F304 800° C
18Cr-8Ni-2Mo(Co.03) A351-CF3M A182-F316L F316L 800° C
18Cr-8Ni-2Mo(Co.08) A351-CF8M A182-F316 F316 800° C
18Cr-8Ni-Ti A182-F321 F321 800° C
18Cr-8Ni-Cb A351-CF8M A182-F347 F347 800° C
22Cr-12Ni A351-CH20 1200° C
23Cr-19Ni A351-CK20 1200° C
19Cr-27Ni-2Mo-3Cu A351-CN7M 1200° C

Ring Type Joint Flange


Ring Type Joint Flange is a method of ensuring leak proof flange connection at high pressures. A metal ring is compressed into a hexagonal groove on the face of the flange to make the seal. This jointing method can be employed on Weld Neck, Slip-on and Blind Flange.
Standards, Dimensions & Weight
Specifications:

  • Size: 1/2” to 60”, DN 12mm to DN 1500mm
  • Pressure class: Class 150 to Class 2,500, PN 2.5 to PN 250
  • Facing: RF / RTJ


Material:

  • Cabon steel: A105, A350 LF2
  • Stainless steel: A182 F304/F304L/F316/F316L/F321
  • Alloy steel: F11, F12
  • Packing: plywood case and plywood pallet

Ring Joint Facings - ASME/ANSI B16.5 & B16.47-4

Ring joint facing dimensions - ASME/ANSI B16.5
and B16.47 Series A (MSS SP-44) and Series B (API 605) (Continued)
Notes
- Ring joint gasket dimensions conform to ASME B16.20 (not covered in this summary).
- Use Class 600 lb in sizes NPS 1/2 to NPS 31/2 for Class 400 lb.
- Use Class 1500 lb in sizes NPS 1/2 to NPS 21/2 for Class 900 lb.
- Tolerances are as shown in the table below.
1 The height of the raised portion is equal to the depth of groove dimension L, but is not subject to the tolerances for L.
2 Ring joints with lapped flanges in Classes 300 lb and 600 lb use R30 instead of R31.
Ring joint facing tolerances (ASME/ANSI B16.5 and B16.47)

What is a spectacle blind flange?




It is generally a piece of metal that is cut to fit between two pipe flanges and usually sandwiched between two gaskets. a spectacle blind is often made from two metal discs that are attached to each other by a small section of steel. 
A figure-8 blank
A figure-8 blank
The shape is similar to a pair of glasses or "spectacles" - hence the name spectacle blind. One end of the blind will have an opening to allow flow through the pipe during operation and the other end is solid to block flow during maintenance. They are generally installed as a permanent device to separate process piping systems.

The whole idea of a spectacle blind is so that one can be absolutely sure that an item of equipment is properly and securely blanked off with no possibility of any flow or leakage through a valve during maintenance. The flow can be diverted to other items of equipment but not just bypassed around the blank as this would compromise the safety function of the spectacle blind. The flow has to valved off and pressure relieved prior to loosening flange bolts and swinging the blind.

These Flanges are available in the following range.

Stainless Steel: ASTM a182 F304, F304L, F304H, F316, F316L, F316Ti, F310, F310S, F321, F321H, F317, F347, F347H, F904L. 
Duplex Stainless Steel: UNS S31803, UNS S32750 
Carbon Steel: ASTM a105, 
Alloy Steel: ASTM a182 F1, F11, F22, F5, F9, F91 
Nickel Alloys: Monel 400 & 500, Inconel 600 & 625, Incoloy 800, 825, Hastelloy C22, C276 
Copper Alloys: Copper, Brass & Gunmetal 
Size: 1/8" NB TO 48"NB. 
Class: 150#, 300#, 400#, 600#, 900#, 1500#, 2500# 

Dimensional Standard
ANSI: ANSI B16.5, ANSI B16.47, MSS SP44, ANSI B16.36, ANSI B16.48 
DIN: DIN 2527, DIN 2566, DIN 2573, DIN 2576, DIN 2641, DIN 2642, DIN 2655, DIN 2656, DIN 2627, DIN 2628, DIN 2629, DIN 2631, DIN 2632, DIN 2633, DIN 2634, DIN 2635, DIN 2636, DIN 2637, DIN 2638, DIN 2673 
B.S: BS 4504, BS4504, BS1560, BS10

DIMENSIONS OF CLASS 150 FLANGES AS PER ANSI B 16.48
NBaBCDET1T2
½”15481460
2654
¾”20572170
3254
1”25672779
3854
1 ½”40864198
5254
2”5010552120206464
3”8013778152208686
4”1001751031902011497
6”150222154241221481210
8”200279203298221881512
10”250340254362261541815
12”300410303432261902118
14”350451343476302082320
16”400515394540301762523
18”450550445578331882826
20”500605495635331623129
24”600720597749361943734


DIMENSIONS OF CLASS 300 FLANGES AS PER ANSI B 16.48
NBaBCDET1T2
½”15541466
3054
¾”20672183
3654
1”25732789
4254
1 ½”409541114
5875
2”5011152127206886
3”80149781682296118
4”100181103200221181310
6”150251154270221121815
8”200308203330261382319
10”250362254387301182724
12”300422303451331383228
14”350486343514331243533
16”400540394571361403937
18”450595445628361264442
20”500655495686361404947
24”600775597813421685856


DIMENSIONS OF CLASS 600 FLANGES AS PER ANSI B 16.48
NBaBCDET1T2
½”15541466
3054
¾”20672182
3664
1”25732789
4274
1 ½”409541114
5896
2”50111521272068118
3”801497816822961512
4”100194103216261261815
6”150267154292301162421
8”200321203349331403127
10”250400254432361283833
12”300457303489361144439
14”350492343527391224844
16”400565394603421445553
18”450613445654451556260
20”500682495724451406867
24”600790597838521648180
All dimensions are in millimeters unless otherwise indicated. 

General notes: 
• D = Hole size (where required) should be the same as the flange bolt hole. In practice, these dimensions have been rounded round off upwards.
• T1 = Thickness Carbon Steel.
• T2 = Thickness Stainless Steel.
• W = Thickness of the web (or tie bar) should be 0.25 inch (6 mm) minimum, or equal to T1 and T2 if less than 0.25 inch (6 mm).
• Spectacle Blinds should be made from a plate or forging specification, approved for use by ASME B31.3, of essentially the same chemical composition as the mating flanges
   and piping involved.
• Depending on a customer specification, the dimensions can be different from what on this page is defined.

We are manufacturer of Spectacle blind flange and supply high quality Spectacle blind flange in both large and small quantities worldwide and offer you the best prices in the market.

We have a team of experienced professionals with years of experience in manufacturing. (www.sunnysteel.com)

AWWA Class D-Hub and Blind Flanges

AWWA Class D-Hub and Blind Flanges

AWWA Class D-Hub and Blind Flanges
AWWA Class D-Hub and Blind Flanges
1. Ring flanges available overbored or counterbored per customer specification.
2. Bolt holes shall be drilled 1/8th inch larger in diameter than the nominal diameter of the bolt, except for flanges larger than 84 inch in diameter which shall be drilled 3/16th inch larger than the nominal diameter of the bolt.
3. Drilling same as ANSI/ASME B16.1 125 lb and B16.5 150 lb pattern.
4. Flanges available overdrilled to accommodate insulators.
5. AWWA recommends the use of dished head assemblies as alternate to blind flanges, sizes over 72" nominal.
6. AWWA C207-01 Class B and D Hub Flanges are identical to Industry Standard Class 125 Light Weight Flanges

AWWA Class E-Ring and Blind Flanges

AWWA Class E-Ring and Blind Flanges

AWWA Class E-Ring and Blind Flanges
AWWA Class E-Ring and Blind Flanges
1. Ring flanges available overbored or counterbored per customer specification.
2. Bolt holes shall be drilled 1/8th inch larger in diameter than the nominal diameter of the bolt, except for flanges larger than 84 inch in diameter which shall be drilled 3/16th inch larger than the nominal diameter of the bolt.
3. Drilling same as ANSI/ASME B16.1 125 lb and B16.5 150 lb pattern.
4. Flanges available overdrilled to accommodate insulators.
5. AWWA recommends the use of dished head assemblies as alternate to blind flanges, sizes over 72" nominal.
6. AWWA C207-01 Class B and D Hub Flanges are identical to Industry Standard Class 125 Light Weight Flanges

AWWA Class E-Hub and Blind Flanges

AWWA Class E-Hub and Blind Flanges

AWWA Class E-Hub and Blind Flanges
AWWA Class E-Hub and Blind Flanges
1. Ring flanges available overbored or counterbored per customer specification.
2. Bolt holes shall be drilled 1/8th inch larger in diameter than the nominal diameter of the bolt, except for flanges larger than 84 inch in diameter which shall be drilled 3/16th inch larger than the nominal diameter of the bolt.
3. Drilling same as ANSI/ASME B16.1 125 lb and B16.5 150 lb pattern.
4. Flanges available overdrilled to accommodate insulators.
5. AWWA recommends the use of dished head assemblies as alternate to blind flanges, sizes over 72" nominal.
6. AWWA C207-01 Class B and D Hub Flanges are identical to Industry Standard Class 125 Light Weight Flanges

AWWA Class F-Ring and Blind Flanges

AWWA Class F-Ring and Blind Flanges

AWWA Class F-Ring and Blind Flanges
1. Ring flanges available overbored or counterbored per customer specification.
2. Bolt holes shall be drilled 1/8th inch larger in diameter than the nominal diameter of the bolt, except for flanges larger than 84 inch in diameter which shall be drilled 3/16th inch larger than the nominal diameter of the bolt.
3. Drilling same as ANSI/ASME B16.1 125 lb and B16.5 150 lb pattern.
4. Flanges available overdrilled to accommodate insulators.
5. AWWA recommends the use of dished head assemblies as alternate to blind flanges, sizes over 72" nominal.
6. AWWA C207-01 Class B and D Hub Flanges are identical to Industry Standard Class 125 Light Weight Flanges

AWWA Class D-Ring and Blind Flanges


AWWA Class D-Ring and Blind Flanges

AWWA Class D-Ring and Blind Flanges
AWWA Class D-Ring and Blind Flanges
1. Ring flanges available overbored or counterbored per customer specification.
2. Bolt holes shall be drilled 1/8th inch larger in diameter than the nominal diameter of the bolt, except for flanges larger than 84 inch in diameter which shall be drilled 3/16th inch larger than the nominal diameter of the bolt.
3. Drilling same as ANSI/ASME B16.1 125 lb and B16.5 150 lb pattern.
4. Flanges available overdrilled to accommodate insulators.
5. AWWA recommends the use of dished head assemblies as alternate to blind flanges, sizes over 72" nominal.
6. AWWA C207-01 Class B and D Hub Flanges are identical to Industry Standard Class 125 Light Weight Flanges

AWWA Class B-Hub and Blind Flanges

AWWA Class B-Hub and Blind Flanges
AWWA Class B-Hub and Blind Flanges
AWWA Class B-Hub and Blind Flanges
1. Ring flanges available overbored or counterbored per customer specification.
2. Bolt holes shall be drilled 1/8th inch larger in diameter than the nominal diameter of the bolt, except for flanges larger than 84 inch in diameter which shall be drilled 3/16th inch larger than the nominal diameter of the bolt.
3. Drilling same as ANSI/ASME B16.1 125 lb and B16.5 150 lb pattern.
4. Flanges available overdrilled to accommodate insulators.
5. AWWA recommends the use of dished head assemblies as alternate to blind flanges, sizes over 72" nominal.
6. AWWA C207-01 Class B and D Hub Flanges are identical to Industry Standard Class 125 Light Weight Flanges

What is a spectacle blind flange?





We are manufacturer of Spectacle blind flange and supply high quality Spectacle blind flange in both large and small quantities worldwide and offer you the best prices in the market.

We have a team of experienced professionals with years of experience in manufacturing. (www.sunnysteel.com)

Spectacle Blind Flange


It is generally a piece of metal that is cut to fit between two pipe flanges and usually sandwiched between two gaskets. a spectacle blind is often made from two metal discs that are attached to each other by a small section of steel.
A figure-8 blank
A figure-8 blank
The shape is similar to a pair of glasses or "spectacles" - hence the name spectacle blind. One end of the blind will have an opening to allow flow through the pipe during operation and the other end is solid to block flow during maintenance. They are generally installed as a permanent device to separate process piping systems.

The whole idea of a spectacle blind is so that one can be absolutely sure that an item of equipment is properly and securely blanked off with no possibility of any flow or leakage through a valve during maintenance. The flow can be diverted to other items of equipment but not just bypassed around the blank as this would compromise the safety function of the spectacle blind. The flow has to valved off and pressure relieved prior to loosening flange bolts and swinging the blind.

Specifications:

  • Size: 1/2” to 60”, DN 12mm to DN 1500mm
  • Pressure class: Class 150 to Class 2,500, PN 2.5 to PN 250
  • Facing: RF / RTJ


Material: 

  • Cabon steel: A105, A350 LF2
  • Stainless steel: A182 F304/F304L/F316/F316L/F321
  • Alloy steel: F11, F12


Packing: plywood case and plywood pallet

Keywrods: Spectacle Blind Flanges, Spectacle Blind Flange, Spectacle Flanges, Spectacle Blind Flanges manufactory



Key Features:
Can be attached to the pipe without welding (sometimes an additional seal weld is used as well)
Ideal for higher pressure and temperature applications for small pipe sizes
Not recommended for larger loads, especially when subjected to higher torque

Uses of threaded flanges:
Threaded flanges can be fitted to pipes of various sizes without welding and this is one chief benefit for which these flanges are highly demanded. They can be used in extremely high pressure applications, particularly at or near atmospheric temperature, where the necessary post weld heat treatment is not possible.

They are ideal for small diameter piping applications.
They are economical and time saving devices.
These threaded flanges are normally designed for non-cyclic applications.
The flanges are suitable to be used in applications where welding is hazardous.
They can be used in highly explosive areas.
These types of flanges are made from plate, and come in 3 different types.

The first and most widely used type are spec blinds – short for spectacle: these are flanges with two equal outside diameter (OD) parts welded together by way of a ‘bridge’. One of the parts also contains an inside diameter (ID), while the other is a blank, or blind. A whole is put at the halfway mark of the bridge. These are also called spectacles, figure 8’s, and figure 8 blanks, because of their resemblance to reading glasses (spectacles) and figure 8’s. These are referred to as ‘Line Blanks’ in the ASME/ANSI standards.

The second and third types are quite similar: both have longer bridges, referred to as ‘paddles’, which resemble longer handles. One type has only an OD, and so is a blind plate – similar in appearance to a large pizza oven peel. These are referred to as paddle blinds. The other type is exactly the same but comes with an ID as well, enabling flow-through when installed in a piping system. These pieces have holes in the paddle which enables field personnel to determine by sight which piece is installed in a system. These are referred to as paddle spacers, and are often supplied in sets together with the paddle blinds.

All 3 types of these flanges are used in piping systems or pressure vessels where the flow needs to be interrupted from time to time. They are installed between two pipe flanges (as specified above), and by way of a screw inserted into the hole in the bridge or paddle, they are able to rotate or ‘swing’ into and out of position to interrupt or allow the flow, as the user sees fit. Our spec blind flanges are available with raised, flat, or RTJ faces.
These Flanges are available in the following range.

Stainless Steel: ASTM a182 F304, F304L, F304H, F316, F316L, F316Ti, F310, F310S, F321, F321H, F317, F347, F347H, F904L. 
Duplex Stainless Steel: UNS S31803, UNS S32750 
Carbon Steel: ASTM a105, 
Alloy Steel: ASTM a182 F1, F11, F22, F5, F9, F91 
Nickel Alloys: Monel 400 & 500, Inconel 600 & 625, Incoloy 800, 825, Hastelloy C22, C276 
Copper Alloys: Copper, Brass & Gunmetal 
Size: 1/8" NB TO 48"NB. 
Class: 150#, 300#, 400#, 600#, 900#, 1500#, 2500# 

Dimensional Standard
ANSI: ANSI B16.5, ANSI B16.47, MSS SP44, ANSI B16.36, ANSI B16.48 
DIN: DIN 2527, DIN 2566, DIN 2573, DIN 2576, DIN 2641, DIN 2642, DIN 2655, DIN 2656, DIN 2627, DIN 2628, DIN 2629, DIN 2631, DIN 2632, DIN 2633, DIN 2634, DIN 2635, DIN 2636, DIN 2637, DIN 2638, DIN 2673 
B.S: BS 4504, BS4504, BS1560, BS10

DIMENSIONS OF CLASS 150 FLANGES AS PER ANSI B 16.48
NBaBCDET1T2
½”15481460
2654
¾”20572170
3254
1”25672779
3854
1 ½”40864198
5254
2”5010552120206464
3”8013778152208686
4”1001751031902011497
6”150222154241221481210
8”200279203298221881512
10”250340254362261541815
12”300410303432261902118
14”350451343476302082320
16”400515394540301762523
18”450550445578331882826
20”500605495635331623129
24”600720597749361943734


DIMENSIONS OF CLASS 300 FLANGES AS PER ANSI B 16.48
NBaBCDET1T2
½”15541466
3054
¾”20672183
3654
1”25732789
4254
1 ½”409541114
5875
2”5011152127206886
3”80149781682296118
4”100181103200221181310
6”150251154270221121815
8”200308203330261382319
10”250362254387301182724
12”300422303451331383228
14”350486343514331243533
16”400540394571361403937
18”450595445628361264442
20”500655495686361404947
24”600775597813421685856


DIMENSIONS OF CLASS 600 FLANGES AS PER ANSI B 16.48
NBaBCDET1T2
½”15541466
3054
¾”20672182
3664
1”25732789
4274
1 ½”409541114
5896
2”50111521272068118
3”801497816822961512
4”100194103216261261815
6”150267154292301162421
8”200321203349331403127
10”250400254432361283833
12”300457303489361144439
14”350492343527391224844
16”400565394603421445553
18”450613445654451556260
20”500682495724451406867
24”600790597838521648180
All dimensions are in millimeters unless otherwise indicated. 

General notes: 
• D = Hole size (where required) should be the same as the flange bolt hole. In practice, these dimensions have been rounded round off upwards.
• T1 = Thickness Carbon Steel.
• T2 = Thickness Stainless Steel.
• W = Thickness of the web (or tie bar) should be 0.25 inch (6 mm) minimum, or equal to T1 and T2 if less than 0.25 inch (6 mm).
• Spectacle Blinds should be made from a plate or forging specification, approved for use by ASME B31.3, of essentially the same chemical composition as the mating flanges
   and piping involved.
• Depending on a customer specification, the dimensions can be different from what on this page is defined.

Spectacle blind flange Usage

A spectacle blind is a safety device used to isolate a section of line or piece of equipment when the line or equipment needs to be inspected or removed from service. It is different than a valve in that the blind is a permanent or long term isolation device.

A spectacle blind is machined from a single piece of metal that is cut to match the pipe size, fit between two pipe flanges and requires an additional gasket when it is installed. Also, the bolts will need to be lengthened depending on what piping class and size blind is used. The thickness of the spectacle blind is specified based on the line pressure and pipe size.

The specification that determines the dimensions of a spectacle blinds is ASME B16.48 - Line Blanks. A line blank conforming to this standard will be marked in the following way:

  • B16
  • Nominal Pipe Size (NPS)
  • Nominal Pressure Class
  • Material
  • Manufacturer's Name
  • If RTJ, the ring number

One end of the blind will have an opening to allow flow through the pipe during operation and the other end is solid to block flow during maintenance.
Spec blind flange - line closed

Spec blind flange - line open
A spec blind is a combination of a ring spacer and single blind. They are usually permanently installed in a piping system and rotated as needed.

Flat Face flange



The Flat Face flange has a gasket surface in the same plane as the bolting circle face. Applications using flat face flanges are frequently those in which the mating flange or flanged fitting is made from a casting.

Flat face flanges are never to be bolted to a raised face flange. ASME B31.1 says that when connecting flat face cast iron flanges to carbon steel flanges, the raised face on the carbon steel flange must be removed, and that a full face gasket is required. This is to keep the thin, bittle cast iron flange from being sprung into the gap caused by the raised face of the carbon steel flange.

This flange helps in easy access to a line once it has been sealed. The blind flange is sometimes custom made or machined to accept a nominal sized pipe to which reduction is being made. This reduction can be a threaded reduction or welded reduction.


Hot flanges

Get in Touch

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Sunny Steel provide a wide range of steel products as Steel pipes, Seamless tube and seamless pipes, Alloy pipes, Pipe fittings, Composite steel pipe used in the industry, construction etc.
You can get in touch by telephone, post, online or E-mail.
Please check the help section first to see if your question may be answered there.

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